This research monograph explores some of the key issues in managing the growth of secondary schooling in India. It argues that investment in this area has been neglected for many years, with the emphasis since the 1990s being focused on universalising access to elementary schooling, a task that remains far from complete. This paper considers the constraints on expansion that arise from current levels of elementary school graduation, the costs and affordability of secondary schooling, the infrastructure needs, and increased teacher supply. It concludes that policy dialogue around secondary school expansion is a central concern if India is to close the gap between itself and China and other rapidly developing countries in educating most of its population beyond the elementary level.