This report explores the challenge of massification of higher education, and the accommodation of the growth in student numbers in an existing higher education system. It highlights supply side trends and issues, including distance learning and Open Universities, as well as short cycle programmes. It also examines the trends and isssues of the demand side including, amongst others, non -traditional routes to education, and the enrolment of part-time and mature students. In addition, it explores the characteristics of select education systems, and their higher education performance.